What is Azadari? Full History of Azadari 61ھ to 2021. Who is Famous Molana on The wold and how is Famous noha kawan on the would?
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About Azadari
The words Azadari (Persian: عزاداری) or Sogvari (سوگواری) which mean mourning and lamentation; and Majalis-e Aza have been exclusively used in connection with the remembrance ceremonies for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (A.S). ... In its technical sense, a majalis is a meeting, a session or a gathering.
The Mourning of Muharram (also known as the Remembrance of Muharram or Muharram Observances) is a set of commemoration rituals observed primarily by Shia and Sufism, and marked by all Muslims,[1][2] as well as some non-Muslims. The commemoration falls in Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. Many of the events associated with the ritual take place in congregation halls known as Hussainia.
The event marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala (AD 680/AH 61), when Imam Hussein ibn Ali, a grandson of Prophet Muhammad, was martyred by the forces of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. Family members and companions accompanying him were either killed or subjected to humiliation. The commemoration of this event during the yearly mourning season, with the Day of Ashura as the focal date, serves to define Shia communal identity.[3] Muharram observances are carried out in countries with a sizable Shia population.
Shia mourn during Muharram, although Sunnis do so to a much lesser extent. Storytelling, weeping and chest beating, wearing black, partial fasting, street processions, and re-enactments of the Battle of Karbala form the crux of the observances. Self-flagellation has been practiced but is now considered haram (prohibited) by some namely Irani Usuli Shia authorities (maraji).
Azadari in Lucknow or Mourning in Lucknow, is name of the practices related to mourning and commemoration of the anniversary of the death of Imam Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680,[1] particularly in period of Muharram (in the Indian sub-continent Muharram in the context of remembrance of the events of Karbala means the period of two months & eight days i.e. 68 days starting from the evening of 29 Zill-Hijjah and ending on the evening of 8 Rabi-al-Awwal ) and in general round the year.
The Government of Uttar Pradesh banned the processions in 1977 because of riots and violence. As a result of protests, demonstrations, court arrests, self immolations and deaths of Shia youth, under the leadership of shia ulemas, the Shias were permitted by the government to stage an Azadari procession in January 1998 (21st of Ramzan).[4] A limited number of processions are allowed, and security is tight.
Etymology
The words Azadari (Persian: عزاداری) or Sogvari (سوگواری) which mean mourning and lamentation; and Majalis-e Aza have been exclusively used in connection with the remembrance ceremonies for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (A.S). Majalis-e Aza, also known as Aza-e Husayn, includes mourning congregations, lamentations, matam and all such actions which express the emotions of grief and above all, repulsion against what Yazid I stood for.[2]
Expression of grief with thumping of the chest by Shia Muslims is known as latmya, latmaya or latmia in Arabic-Persian countries. In India and Pakistan it is called matam or matam-dari/sina aannee (chest beating).[4]
Muharram rituals was often called by European observers "the Feast of Hasan and Hosayn," as the participants shout "Hasan! Hosayn!"[1]
The term majalis has both a grammatical meaning and a meaning which relates to Aza-e-Husayn. In its technical sense, a majalis is a meeting, a session or a gathering.
Background
According to Shia sources, the mourning of Muharram was started by the family, especially women, of Muhammad (the Ahl-ul-Bayt) immediately after the death of his grandson and even before entering Damascus.[6] Following the battle of Karbala, Muhammad's granddaughter Zaynab bint Ali and sister of Imam Husayn, began mourning for the fallen and making speeches against Imam Husayn ibn Ali's opponents: Ibn Ziyad and Yazid I. News of Imam Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom was spread by Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, who succeeded Imam Husayn as the Shia Imam, via sermons and speeches throughout Iraq, Syria and Hejaz.
According to the History of the Prophets and Kings, when Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin gave the sermon in presence of Yazid, he let them hold the mourning of Husain ibn Ali for three days in a formal manner.
During the Umayyad Caliphate, the mourning of Husain ibn Ali’s Killing was performed furtively in the homes of Shia Imam and their followers, but during the Abbasid Caliphate this mourning was observed in public mosques by the Abbasid rulers to draw a people’s attention .
During the Fatimid Caliphate, Imam Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (d. 365/975), the 14th Ismaili imam, instructed Syedna Al-Qadi al-Nu'man to proclaim in his Friday sermon the significance of ʿAashura and elucidate the manner in which it should be commemorated.[9] Al-Maqrizi (d. 845/1442), a medieval Egyptian historian, notes that in the Fatimi empire the Day of ʿAashura was marked as a day of grief and markets were shut.[10] During Imam Al-Mustansir Billah's (d. 427/1094) era, the 18th Ismaili Imam, audiences were encouraged to explicitly express sorrow and tears on the occasion of ʿAashura as written in the majalis authored by Syedna Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi (470/1078). The 20th Musta'li Isma'ili Imam, Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah (526/1132), presided over a congregation on the Day of ʿAashura seated on an un-cushioned chair made of palm branches. The Imam wore a veil that day, and the reporter, Ibn al-Ma’mun, writes that sorrow and grief were clearly visible in his countenance.[13] Ibn al-Tuwayr records that on the Day of ʿAashura, the royal carpets in the palace would be replaced with straw mats.
10th of the month of Muharram in the Ottoman Empire
As Chelkowski said, in fourth century in Baghdad, contemporaneous with the reigns of Sulton Muizz ad-Dawla of the Shia Buyid dynasty, the first public mourning ritual happened, and the market was closed by order of him on day of Ashura.[15] The mourning rituals evolved differently in different places, until the Safavid dynasty established a centralized Shia state in the 16th century:[16]:118 The annual mourning ceremonies and ritual cursing of Husayn's enemies acquired the status of a national institution. According to popular belief, Shia rituals spread to South Asia starting at the end of the 14th Century with the conquests of Tamerlane.[16]:120 Observance has since spread to countries such as India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Syria, Nigeria, Tanzania, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Bahrain, Azerbaijan and Lebanon.[15][17][18]
Types
The type of mourning of Muharram varies between branches of Shia, Sunni, and different ethnic groups.[19]
Shia
Shia Muslims around the world every year commemorate the mourning custom of death of Husayn ibn Ali, his family and his follower in months of Muharram and Safar.[20] They entitle him "Prince of Martyrs" and know him as a spiritual and political savior. He still has an important role in the religious and national consciousness of the people.
According to the Shia belief, taking part in the mourning ritual will be a help to salvation on the Day of Judgment, as Elias Canetti (winner of Nobel Prize) said “[it] became the very core of the Shiite faith ... of all the traditional religions of lament which could be adduced for closer consideration – that of the Islamic is the most illuminating... The lament itself, as an impassioned pack opening out, to a true crowd, manifests itself with unforgettable power at the Muharram Festival Shiites”.[15]
At first the mourning ceremonies and custom have been done in the open air at the main thoroughfare of city of village, a major intersection in the bazaar, the yard of the mosque, caravanserai and private homes. After a while, in order to protect mourners from weather, the Hussainiya and the Tekyeh were built.[15]
Sunni
The event is observed by many Sunnis[citation needed], but to a lesser extent, and as a time of remembrance, rather than mourning[citation needed]. There is mourning among Ahl-e-Sunnat wal Jamaa'ah, as well as they remember Ahl-e-Bayt, and in particular Imaam Hussein, as well as the Sahaabahs, through talks across masjids (mosques) during the first 10 days of Muharram-ul-Haraam.[citation needed]
Custom
After almost 12 centuries, five types of major rituals were developed around the battle of Karbala. These rituals include the memorial services (majalis al-ta'ziya), the visitation of Husayn's tomb in Karbala particularly on the occasion of the tenth day of Ashura and the fortieth day after the battle (Ziyarat Ashura and ziyarat al-Arba'in), the public mourning processions (Al-mawakib Al-husayniyya or the representation of the battle of Karbala in the form of a play (the shabih), and the flagellation (tatbir).[6]
Pilgrimage to the shrine of Husayn[21]
Main articles: Imam Husayn Shrine, Ziyarat, and Ziyarat of Arba'een
Imam Husayn Shrine is located at the mosque and burial site of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam in the city of Karbala, Iraq.[22] Many Shia go on a pilgrimage to the shrine in Karbala, one of the holiest places for Shias apart from Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. Up to one million pilgrims visit the city annually to observe the anniversary of Imam Husayn ibn Ali's death.[23] Shia Muslims believe that pilgrimage to Husayn ibn Ali’s shrine, like weeping, wipes out their sins to a great extent.[24]
Matam
Shi'a Muslims in Bahrain strike their chests during the Remembrance of Muharram.
File:Moharram-in-Chahvarz.2019 (1).webm
Shi'a in Chahvarz strike their chests during the Remembrance of Muharram, 2019
The Arabic term matam refers in general to an act or gesture of mourning; in Shia Islam the term designates acts of lamentation for the martyrs of Karbala.[25] Male and female participants congregate in public for ceremonial chest beating (matam- سینہ زنی) as a display of their devotion to Imam Husayn and in remembrance of his suffering.[26] In some Shi'a societies, such as those in Bahrain, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Syria, Bangladesh and Iraq, male participants may incorporate knives or razors swung upon chains into their matam.[27][28] There are two basic forms of matam:[29][30][31]
matam using one's hands only, that is, sineh-zani or chest-beating
matam with implements like chains, knives, swords and blades, that is, zanjeer-zani(زنجیر زنی), qama-zani (قمع زنی), etc.
Matam in South Asia is the most significant and sensitive Shia identity marker, although the act is also condemned by some Shi'a religious leaders.[30][32]
Tatbir
Main article: Tatbir
A form of ritual bloodletting, practiced as an act of mourning by some Shia Muslims (it is a forbidden act according to some Grand Ayatollahs), for the younger grandson of Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali, who was killed along with his children, companions and near relatives at the Battle of Karbala by the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. The practice was first introduced by the Qizilbash tribe who were instrumental in establishing the Safavid rule. Tatbir is a contested issue among Shia. Most clerics deem it to be self-harm and hence haram. However, a small minority of Shia do perpetuate the practice in defiance.
Taziya
Ta'ziya procession on Ashura in Barabanki, India (January 2009)
Main article: Ta'zieh
One form of mourning is the theatrical re-enactment of the Battle of Karbala. In Iran this is called taziya or taziyeh. Theatrical groups that specialize in taziya are called taziya groups.[33] Taziyas were popular through the Qajar dynasty until the early twentieth century, but the re-enactments slowly declined until they were mostly abandoned in the large cities by the early 1940s. Nonetheless, taziyas continued to exist in Iran on a smaller scale especially in more rural and traditional areas. Reza Shah, the first of the Pahlavi dynasty, had outlawed taziyas. Despite attempts since 1979, Muharram processions and various forms of the rawza khani are still more common.[34]
Noha
By increasing the number of shia Muslim in cities and states, Muharram rituals have changed to a more elaborate form. In the ninth century, lamentation and wailing became propounded as a mourning tradition. Noha is the poem and story that be inspired from Maqtal al-Husayn (various books which narrate the story of the battle of Karbala and the death of Husayn ibn Ali) .[6][35] The poet or another one read the noha with plaintive rhythm. The main subject of noha is the pain from the killing of Husayn ibn Ali. Noha consists of poems in different languages such as Arabic, Urdu, Farsi, Saraeki, Sindhi and Punjabi.[36]
Weeping
The reaction of the audience in the reenactment of the Battle of Karbala episode is significant for the strengthening of distinct Shia identity and the weeping over the killing of Husayn ibn Ali as and his follower is one of these reactions. There is close relation between the lamentation and weeping. According to the narration, Shia imams had emphasized to weep for them, so it had transmitted to future generation. According to Shia tradition, the weeping and the flow of tears provides condolences to Imam Husayn's mother and his family, as the living relatives (mostly women and children) were not allowed to weep or lament over their martyred family which involved Imam Husayn's, his family (including his two sons, a six-month-old baby martyred by an arrow/spear to his neck and another 18 year old who took a spear to his heart) and his companions. Lamenting and weeping for the (mazloom) wronged and offering condolences to his family, thus, will serve as one of the good deeds done by the mourners of Husayn (azadaar e Husayn) and will be helpful in saving them from being condemned to hell fire on the day of judgment.[6]
Processions
Depending on the condition of society, the Muharram processions changes from one city to another. The common form is the starting of mourning processions from Hussainiya and the participants would parade through the streets of their town or village, finally they come back to Hussainiya for performing other mourning of Muharram’s ritual. The procession was common ritual’s mourning of dead persons in Arabic states before the appearance of Islam. The chest-beating, flagellation and face-slapping (latm)[citation needed] are usual acts doing during the mourning procession, but chest-beating and face-slapping (latm) have more precedence and the history of doing this acts had been reached to Buyid dynasty period.[6]
Chest beating
Iranian men performing chest-beating during Muharram
Chest beating (Persian: سینه زنی) refer to common rituals practiced in mourning ceremonies of Shia Imams. In the nineteenth century, the Iranian practiced chest-beating introduced by Indian Syed Dildar Ali Nasirabadi and the chest-beating was attributed to the concept of Zuljinah (the horse with two wings) processions. The chest beating is allowed just in calamities belong to the family of Muhammad.[37] At the Isfahanis’ mosque, mourners just gather into the middle of the courtyard bared their upper torsos هn the form of a procession and began randomly beating their chests to the melodic suggestions.
Flagellation
Acts of flagellation are a symbolic reenacting of the blood-shedding of Husayn ibn Ali. The previous record of this dramatic act reaches back to the seventeenth century practice in the Caucasus and in Azerbaijan, and was observed in the nineteenth century by the Shia Twelvers in central and southern cities of Iran and the Arab world.[6] There were various types of flagellation including striking of chests with the palms, striking of backs with chains, and cutting foreheads with knives or swords.[15] In 1993, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, leader of Iran issued a fatwa calling flagellation wrong, fake and false. [39] He later argued that while the communist regime of USSR closed or changed many mosques and banned many other Islamic practices in Azerbaijan, they allowed flagellation.[40] While the fatwa is not obligatory to followers of other Maraji, official stance of Iranian government is that of the leader, so that flagellation is not openly practiced in Iran anymore.
Rawda
Main article: Rawda Khwani
Rawda is one of the Shia Iranian mourning rituals to commemorate the death of Husayn ibn Ali and his followers – especially it is the kind of public lamentation. Rawda means garden in Arabic language and this name is acquired from the title of Rawdat al-Shuhada, literary masterpiece book authored by Husayn Waiz Kashifi in Persian. The word of Rawda-khawani means "recitation from Rawdat alshuhada" and generally is named Rawda. At first this ritual became customary on first ten days of Muharram, but by passing of time it was performed during Muharam and Safar and other days of year. Today, Rawda is either the story of Rawdat of al-Shuhada or stories that Rawḍa-k̲h̲ w ān (person who does the recitation) creates by his skills and knowledge to release the original text of the book. This ritual can be held at every where such as houses, the yard of mosque, the square of city or village and also Hussainiya and the Tekyeh. The origin place of Rawda was Iran, but then at Bahrain this ritual is seen in its original form and at other place like India, the modified form of it is held.[41]
Alam
One of the most important and symbolic objects used at mourning rituals is the Alam. It is the ensign of Husayn ibn Ali in the Battle of Karbala and a sign of truth and bravery. During the battle of Karbala, the original standard-bearer of Husayn ibn Ali's kafala (caravan) was Abbas, Husayn's brother. Abbas lost his life in battle when he went to retrieve water from the Euphrates River for the caravan's young children who were thirsty for three days. It is narrated that when he started to ride back to the camp with the water, he was surprise-attacked. While in battle, the children of the camp were anxiously watching the alam (Arabic and Persian ʿalam, pl. aʿlām, 'standard' or 'banner') dip up and down from afar. Abbas lost both of his arms in battle yet he still continued to clench the water skin (mushk) with his teeth, determined to bring the water back to the children. The leader of the opposition saw Abbas gaining ground and ordered for more army men to attack the flag bearer, stating, "If water is brought back to their tent, there is no stopping them." Archers then started bombarding Abbas with arrows which pierced the water skin, bringing him down from his horse with the alam falling to the ground. Alams are a reminder of Abbas' martyrdom, and act as a symbol of affection and salutation towards the followers of Husayn ibn Ali who lost their lives in Karbala. Alams all vary in size but usually consist of a wood pole base, with a metal finial and cross-bar that is fixated at the top of the pole. The pole is then dressed with cloth and a banner with the names of Muhammad's family members. Alams with Abbas' name usually include an ornament that resembles the water skin that he intended to fill for the children. The length of an Alam can be about 15 feet. An Alam consists of flexible steel plates placed at the upper part of it. Also, an Alam is decorated by plumes and fine embroidered silks and brocades.[15][42]
Nakhl Gardani
Main article: Nakhl Gardani
Nakhl Gardani (Persian: نخل گردانی, Persian pronunciation: [næxl ɡærdɑːniː]) is a religious ritual carried out on the day of Ashura for commemorating the death of Husayn ibn Ali's death. Nakhl is a wooden (lit. date-palm) structure used as a symbolic representation of the Imam's coffin, and nakhl-gardani is the act of carrying the nakhl in procession, resembling Imam's funeral.[43]
By country
Indian Subcontinent
Muharram procession in Hyderabad photographed by Lala Deen Dayal, c. 1880s.
Main articles: Azadari in Lucknow and Bibi-Ka-Alam
In South Asia, literary and musical genres produced by both Shias and Sunnis, that have been inspired by the Battle of Karbala are performed during the month, such as marsiya, noha and soaz. This is meant to increase the people's understanding of how the enemies fought The Battle of Karbala against Imam Husayn and his followers.
In Hyderabad, the Bibi-Ka-Alam procession is taken annually to mark the date.[44][45]
Caribbean
In Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica[46] all ethnic and religious communities participate in the event, locally known as "Hosay" or "Hussay".
Indonesia
In Indonesia, the event is known as Tabuik (Minangkabau language) or Tabut (Indonesian).
Mauritius
In Mauritius the event is also known as Ghoon Festival or Yamsé. Since the 1800s a group of believers have celebrated the 10th day of Muharram and first month of the Islamic calendar in the locality called Plaine Verte within the capital city Port Louis Mauritius.
Gallery
Noha Kwan
Syed Nadeem Raza Sarwar, aka Nadeem Sarwar, is an excellent Noha, Naat, and Manqabat reciter of the Indian subcontinent. So far, he has released countless albums that have been liked all over the world. He rose to fame very quickly, and first, Anis Paharsari, Rehan Azmi, gave him their best Nohas. Many years later, the time came when Nadeem parted ways with Gulzar Haideri, and he started reciting Nohas alone. He has recited in different dialects, including Sariki, Pushto, Urdu, Punjabi, French, English, Arabic, and Pourbi. This article has all the information about him, including Syed Nadeem Raza Sarwar Biography.
Farhan Ali Waris is a famous Pakistani Naat and Noha Khawan. He started to recite Naats and Manqabat in 1995. He is known for reciting Noha and Naat in multiple languages Arabic, English, French, Persian, Punjabi, Pashto, and Urdu. He has an attractive voice and a charming personality. He has a huge fan following in Pakistan and out of the country. Read the full biography of Farhan Ali Waris and interesting facts about his life.
Mir Hassan Mir is an internationally recognized Pakistani Noha Khuwan and Naat Reciter who started reciting in the 1990s. Today, he is known for his soothing voice that can mesmerize anyone. Besides this, he is also a poet and has written a few Kalmas.
Ali Shanawar is a famous Shia Noha reciter and the son of Nadeem Sarwar. He is well known in the Shia community for his Nohas, Arabic poems of mourning and is considered the best Teenage Noha Khwaan (Noha reciter) of present because of his unique style of recitation. ... He's a member of Team Safeer-e-Aza.
Ali Jee is a well-known Shia Pakistani Noha reciter, who has been singing since he was seven. He began his career by singing along with his father, Nadeem Sarwar, who is also a popular Noha Khwaan. Thereafter, Ali along with his brother Ali Shanawar has released many albums and singles, which are popular among Shia or Suni community. His collections of Nohas are very popular during the Islamic month of Muharram when his Nohas are listened to and recited by several people.
He makes grown men weep with his singing. Fans set up Web sites and address him as ''Master'' and ''Dear Brother'' in e-mail messages from thousands of miles away. Powerful clerics are said to know his work.
But in this town near the George Washington Bridge, Mesum Abbas Naqvi inhabits the role of a typical suburban teenager, playing football and Xbox (Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is a favorite), watching Mr. Bean DVD's and ''chilling'' with his cousins.
Mesum Abbas, as he is known professionally, is 14 and something of a prodigy in the world of Shiite Islam. Since the age of 2, he has been a reciter of nauhas, the ritual lamentations that accompany Shiite devotions around two holy days of the faith, Ashura and Arbaeen, which is marked this weekend.
His cassettes, CD's and DVD's sell all across his family's native land, Pakistan, where 20 percent of the population of 140 million is Shiite. Mesum is also in demand for live performances at Shiite mosques in New Jersey, New York and elsewhere in the United States.
This is Official Page of SYED IRFAN HAIDER RIZVI who is one of the prominent emerging Nauhakhwans.He started nauhakhwani at a very tender age.Still in his 30"s ,Irfan Bhai has got alot of experience(MashaAllah) which is reflected in his work.
HIS BRIEF & COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION BY HIMSELF:
ALLAH HUMMA SALLE AALA MUHAMMAD(saww) WA AAL-E- MUHAMMAD(saww)
RUHANI TARRUF TO TAMAM HUSSAINIYO KE LIYE HAI KE MAI TEEN SHAB-O-ROZ KE PYASE KA HO ZAKIR SHABEER(as) KA ZAKIR HO MAI SHABEER(as) KA ZAKIR!
Maa(n) ki godi mei suni mene ye nawho(n) ki azaan
Ghutniyo(n) chalne jo paaya to mila farsh-e-aza
Sheer-e-madar se mere khun mei ye baat basi
Jab talak saans rahe, jaari rahe lab pe sada
Manam Safeer-e-Aza!!
Description
" Maa Ki Aagosh Main Wo Jaam Pia Hai Maine..,
Lab Hilaey To ALI(a.s) Naam Lia Hai Maine...."
! MAIN TEEN SHAB-O-ROZ K PYASE KA HUN ZAKIR!
SHABEER(a.s) KA ZAKIR HUN MAIN
SHABEER(a.s) KA ZAKIR..
ANUMAN-E-KARWAN-E-AZA....Karachi Pakistan
SYED SHARIF HUSSAIN RIZVI (Father Of Irfan Haider)
SYED ZEESHAN HAIDER RIZVI (Brother Of.............)
SYED SALMAN HAIDER RIZVI (Brother Of..............)
SYED ZARGHAM HAIDER RIZVI(Brother Of.............)
Historical political figures
Late Islamic history
Syed Muhammad Mir Ali Naqvi – Chief Justice of the court of Akbar the Great, Mir Adal; served on the court, 1579–1581; governor of Sindh
Hasan ibn Zayd – founder of the Alavids dynasty
Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya – founder of the Zaidi imamate State
Sayf al-Daula – ruler of the Hamdanid dynasty (945–967)
Mu'izz al-Daula – ruler of the Buyid dynasty (945–967)
Abu 'Abdullah al-Shi'i – a Da'i for the Isma'ilis in Yemen and North Africa mainly among the Kutama Berbers, whose teachings influenced the rise of the Fatimid dynasty
Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah – founder of the Fatimid dynasty
Al-Muizz Lideenillah – fourth Fatimid Caliph Founder of the city of Cairo
Sitt al-Mulk – ruler of the Fatimids (1021–1023); elder sister of Al-Hakim
Arwa al-Sulayhi – ruler, first through her two husbands and then alone, of Yemen
Sharifa Fatima – Zaydi chief in 15th-century Yemen
Salih ibn Mirdas – founder of the Mirdasids emirate
Muhammad ibn al-Musayyib – founder of the Uqaylid Dynasty
Tekuder – first Muslim Khan of Ilkhanate
Ghazan – ruler of the Ilkhanate dynasty (1295–1304)
Öljaitü – eighth Ilkhanate ruler
Uzun Hassan – ruler of the Ak Koyunlu dynasty (1453–1478)
Ismail I – founder of the Safavid dynasty
Abbas I of Persia – ruler of the Safavid dynasty (1588–1629)
Karim Khan – founder of the Zand dynasty
Scientists, mathematicians and Professor
Syed Ali Haider Nazam Tabatabai – translated Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard from poem to poem in Urdu. (1854 Luckhnow-1933 Hyderabad Deccan India). He was head of Translation Department of Usmania University, could speak write and understand English, German, French, Persian and Arabic.
Mir Anis – classical Urdu poet and master of the elegies in honor of the tragedy of Karbala known as Marsiya which was instrumental in the propagation of azadari, or mourning of Muharram in South Asia
Mirza Dabeer – Urdu poet and master of the Marsiya, contemporary, friend, and rival of Mir Anis
Safi al-din al-Hilli (1278 - c. 1349) – Iraqi poet[1]
Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri – Iraqi poet[2]
Abdullah Al-Baradouni – Yemeni writer and poet
Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh – Bahrani poet
Qassim Haddad – Bahrani poet, researcher, writer
Ali Al Jallawi – Bahrani poet
Badawi al-Jabal – Syrian poet
Qurratulain Hyder – (She was Sunni but widely thought of as shia because of her name, Hyder..) female novelist and writer regarded as the "Grande Dame of Urdu literature"
Adunis – Syrian poet and writer
Muhammed Almagut – Syrian poet and writer
Badr Shakir al-Sayyab – Iraqi poet
Nazik Al-Malaika – influential contemporary Iraqi female poet
Bint al-Huda – Iraqi educator and political activist
Hasan Zyko Kamberi – Albanian poet and writer
Naim Frashëri – Albanian poet and writer
Sami Frashëri – Albanian poet and writer
Abdyl Frashëri – Albanian poet and writer
Shahriar – Iranian poet
Professionals
Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala – Indian businessman and Sheriff of Mumbai
Muhammad Hussain Inoki - Japanese retired professional wrestler, martial artist, politician, and promoter of professional wrestling and mixed martial arts
Politicians
Albania
Xhafer Bej Ypi – former Prime Minister of Albania
Mehdi Bej Frashëri – former Prime Minister of Albania
Azerbaijan
Heydar Aliyev – former President of Azerbaijan
Ilham Aliyev – current President of Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Abdul Amir al-Jamri – 'spiritual leader' of Bahrain's Twelver Shi'a population and the 1990s Intifada
Hasan Mushaima – secretary-general of the current Haq Movement
Ali Salman – secretary-general of the current Al-Wefaq
Abdulhadi Al Khawaja – leading Bahraini human rights activist
Nabeel Rajab – President of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights
Bangladesh
Nawab Ali Abbas Khan, Jatiya Party politician and three-time MP for Maulvibazar-2
Nawab Ali Haider Khan, 9th Nawab of Longla, minister and leader of the Independent Muslim Party
India
Kaifi Azmi – poet
Tanveer Zaidi
Bismillah Khan – musician
Saiyid Nurul Hasan – professor
Altamas Kabir
Ayatullah Syed Abul Hasan Rizvi Kishmiri – Shia Mujtah
Ayatullah Syed Mohammad Baqir Rizvi – Shia jurist
Syed Kirmani
Mir Anis
Mirza Dabeer
Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda
Javed Abidi
Nawab of Banganapalle
Nawab of Masulipatam
Intezar Abidi – politician
Sir Sultan Ahmed
Mir Sadiq
Sayyed Mahmud Khan
Kamal Amrohi
Shabana Azmi
Azim Premji
Syed Kirmani – cricketer
Bade Ghulam Ali Khan – singer
Nawab of Rampur – king
Nawab of Lucknow – king
Nargis Dutt – actress
Naushad – music director
Salim-Sulaiman – musician
Jagdeep
Muzaffar Ali
Farah Naaz
Akbar Khan
Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi – Union Minister govt. India
M. F. Hussain – painter
S. H. Raza – painter
Salim Ali – ornithologist
Saeed Naqvi – journalist
Syed Ahmed – Governor of Jharkhand
Mohsin Zaidi – poet
Aga Syed Mustafa Moosavi - Shia Scholar
Muntazir Abbas - Journalist
Iran
Amir Kabir – Prime Minister of Persia under Nasereddin Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi – last Shah of Iran from 1941 until his overthrow due to the 1979 Iranian Revolution
Mohammed Mosaddeq – former Prime Minister of Iran
Ruhollah Khomeini – marja, philosopher and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution
Ali Khamenei – marja, third President and current Supreme Leader of Iran
Mehdi Bazargan – former Prime Minister of Iran
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar – former Prime Minister of Iran (killed by terrorists)
Abolhassan Banisadr – first President of Iran following the Iranian Revolution
Mohammad-Ali Rajai − second President of Iran (killed by terrorists)
Mostafa Chamran – Iranian defense minister, first commander of the Pasdaran and founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani – fourth President of Iran and current head of the Expediency Discernment Council
Mohammad Khatami – leading reformist Iranian politician and fifth President of Iran
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad – sixth President of Iran and former Mayor of Tehran
Hassan Rouhani – seventh and current President of Iran and former Chief Nuclear Negotiator
Ali Larijani – Iranian philosopher and speaker of the Iranian parliament
Ali Akbar Mohtashami-Pur – reformist Iranian politician and coordinator of Hezbollah in its early days
Iraq
Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali – Iraqi foreign minister, and Prime Minister of Iraq
Naji Talib – former Prime Minister of Iraq
Ezzedine Salim – former Iraqi politician
Ibrahim al-Jaafari – former Prime Minister of Iraq
Nouri al-Maliki – former Prime Minister of Iraq
haider al-Abadi – current Prime Minister of Iraq
Adil Abdul-Mahdi – Iraqi Shi'a politician, economist
Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim – former leader of Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
Abdul Aziz al-Hakim – leader of Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir – Iraqi politician and a member of parliament in the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum – prominent Twelver Shi'a Islamic leader and politician in Iraq
Muqtada al-Sadr – Iraqi politician and head of the Mahdi Army
Ahmed Chalabi – Iraqi politician
Abbas al-Bayati – Iraqi Shiite Turkmen politician
Jasim Mohammed Jaafar – Iraqi Shiite Turkmen politician
Hussain al-Shahristani – current Iraqi Minister of Oil
Shirwan al-Waili – current Iraqi Minister of State for National Security
Mowaffak al-Rubaie – current Iraqi National Security Advisor
Baqir Jabr al-Zubeidi – current Finance Minister of Iraq
Khaled al-Attiyah -elected First Deputy Speaker of the Iraqi National Assembly
Salama al-Khufaji – former member of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Safia Taleb Ali al-Suhail – Iraqi politician and a member of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Kuwait
Adnan Zahid Abdulsamad – member of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Ahmed Lari – member of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Ali Hussain Al-Awadhi – journalist and politician
Hussein AlـQallaf Al-Bahraini – member of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Hassan Jawhar – member of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Rola Dashti – member of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Ibrahim Khraibut – member of first National Assembly of Kuwait
Massouma al-Mubarak – Kuwait's first female minister
Ibtihal Al-Khatib – secular academic and politician
Saleh Ashour – member of the Kuwaiti parliament
Hassan Jawhar – member of the Kuwaiti parliament
Lebanon
Adel Osseiran – one of the founders of modern Lebanon
Musa al-Sadr – contemporary Islamic philosopher and co-founder of the Amal Movement
Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah (also Muhammad Husayn Fadl-Allāh or Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāh) (born 1935) – prominent Lebanese Twelver Shi'a Muslim cleric[3]
Hussein el-Husseini – former speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, co-founder of the Amal Movement, fathered the Taif Agreement that led to the end of the Lebanese Civil War
Nabih Berri – Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon; head of the mostly Shi'a Amal Movement
Abbas Musawi – former Secretary-General of Hezbollah
Hassan Nasrallah – Secretary-General of Hezbollah
Imad Mughniyah – former head of Hezbollah's external security apparatus
Ali Qanso – former Secretary-General of Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Ali Eid – Secretary-General of Arabic Democratic Party
Pakistan
Syed Kamran Haider Abdi – President Shia Ullama Concil Karachi Division
Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Founder of Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Iskander Mirza – first President of Pakistan
Muhammad Musa – Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff during 1965 Indo Pak war and later Governor of Balauchistan
Nayyar Hussain Bukhari – Chairman of Senate of Pakistan
Syed Mehdi Shah – former Chief Minister of GB Province
Haider Abbas Rizvi
Fakhar Imam
Makhdoom Faisal Saleh Hayat
Faisal Sabzwari
Ali Zaidi
Firdous Ashiq Awan
Mushahid Hussain
Shehla Raza
Qaim Ali Shah
Murad Ali Shah
Mamnoon Hussain
Advocate Chairman Collages Scholars'
Grand Ayatullah Hafiz Bashir Husseyn Najafi
Grand Ayatullah Muhammad Hussain Najafi – Sargodha
Allama Arif Hussain Al-Hussaini
Allama Sajid Ali Naqvi – Quaid e Millat e Jaffaria
Syria
Zaki al-Arsuzi – Syrian political activist and writer
Assad Family - Syrian Political Family who are ruling syria since 1970's
Yemen
Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din – founder of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Ibrahim al-Hamadi – former President of Yemen
Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi – Zaidi religious leader
Rulers and military figures
Earlier
Sayf al-Daula – ruler of the Hamdanid dynasty (945–967)
Gawhar al-Siqilli – the most important military leader in the Fatimid history; led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt, founded the city of Cairo and the great al-Azhar mosque
Ziri ibn Manad – founder of the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb
Buluggin ibn Ziri – the first ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya
Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin – the second ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya
Badis ibn Mansur – the third ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya
Abu Zayd al-Hilali – the 11th-century Arab leader and hero of the 'Amirid tribe of Banu Hilal
Al-Afdal Shahanshah – a vizier of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt
Iftikhar ad-Daula – the Fatimid governor of Jerusalem during the siege of Jerusalem
Shawar – a ruler of Egypt, the vizier
Hassan-i Sabbah – founded a group whose members are sometimes referred to as the Hashshashin
Rashid ad-Din Sinan – one of the leaders of the Syrian wing of the Hashshashin sect and an important figure in the history of the Crusades
Azerbaijan
Surat Huseynov – Azerbaijani colonel and ex-Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
Eldar Mahmudov – head of the Azerbaijani Ministry of National Security
Rail Rzayev – former head of the Azerbaijani Air Force
India
Ali Adil Shah I of Bijapur (16th C), but his successors converted to Sunni Islam
Wajid Ali Shah – last nawab of the princely kingdom of Awadh, early 19th Century
Iran
Ali Khamenei – marja, third President and current Supreme Leader of Iran
Ruhollah Khomeini – marja, philosopher and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi – the last Shah of Iran of the Pahlavi dynasty, ruled from 1941 until being overthrown in the Iranian Revolution resulting in the abolishment of the Iranian monarchy
Reza Shah Pahlavi – Shah of Iran from 1925–1941, and father of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Hassan-i Sabbah – founded a group whose members are sometimes referred to as the Hashshashin
Allahverdi Khan – Iranian military and political leader of Georgian origin
Imam-Quli Khan – Iranian general and statesman of Georgian origin
Nader Shah – Shah of Iran during the Afsharid dynasty notable for his Naderian Wars, and conversion dominant belief system from Safavid ideology to Jafari fiqh
Abbas Mirza – Qajar crown prince of Persia
Gholamali Bayandor – first Commander of Imperial Iranian Navy
Abbas Gharabaghi – last commander-in-chief of the Imperial Iranian Army
Mohsen Rezaee – Chief commander of AGIR, 1981–1997
Yahya Rahim Safavi – Chief commander of AGIR, 1997–2007
Mohammad Ali Jafari – Chief commander of AGIR
Ali Shamkhani – former defense minister of Iran
Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar – current defense minister of Iran
Ali Sayad Shirazi – chief-of-staff of the Iranian forces during Iran's eight-year war with Iraq
Mohammad Boroujerdi – one of the founders of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (AGIR) and a commander in Iran–Iraq War; played key roles in regaining control over the territories of Kurdistan by Iranian forces
Hossein Kharrazi – Iranian commander of "Imam Hosein 14th Division" during Iran–Iraq War
Iraq
Abdel-Karim Mahoud al-Mohammedawi – led the resistance against Saddam Hussein's government in the southern marsh regions of Iraq, where he gained the title "Prince of the Marshes"
Hadi Al-Amiri – head of the Badr Organization, which was the military wing of the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council
Aras Habib – a colonel in the Free Iraqi Fighters
Abud Qanbar – former military governor of Baghdad
Lebanon
Adham Khanjar – Lebanese national hero
Mohammad Zgheib – 1948 Arab–Israeli War war hero
Hisham Jaber – former military governor of Beirut
Imad Mughniyah – former head of Hezbollah's external security apparatus
Sana'a Mehaidli – Lebanese martyr
Samir Kuntar – Lebanese militant and a former member of the Palestine Liberation Front
Syria
Sayf al-Daula – ruler of the Hamdanid dynasty (945–967)
Rashid ad-Din Sinan – one of the leaders of the Syrian wing of the Hashshashin sect and an important figure in the history of the Crusades
Saleh al-Ali – commanded one of the first rebellions against the French mandate of Syria
Salah Jadid – Syrian general and political figure in the Baath Party
Assef Shawqat – head of the Syrian Military Intelligence apparatus since 2005
Maher al-Assad – brother of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad; head of the Presidential Guard
Ghazi Kanaan – Syria's Interior Minister, 2004–2005; long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon
Hisham Ikhtiyar – director of the GID, 2001–2005
Yemen
Abdul-Malik al-Houthi – leader of Shi'a Zaidi
Abdullah al-Ruzami – leader of Shi'a Zaidi
Theologians
Al-Shaykh al-Saduq
Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
al-Sharif al-Murtada
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Shaykh Tusi
Al-Hurr al-Aamili
Shahid Awwal
Shahid Thani
Qazi Nurullah Shustari (Shahid Salis)
Shahid Rabay
Maitham Al Bahrani – 13th-century cleric and theologian
Al-Hilli – 13th-century cleric and theologian
Religious figures
Yasoob Abbas - India
Agha Muhammad Reza - Iranian Shia Muslim immigrant living in the Sylhet region of Bengal. Claimed to be the Mahdi and twelfth imam, engaged in battles against the East India Company and Kachari Kingdom.
Salih Al-Karzakani – 17th-century cleric
Muhammad Baqir Majlisi – 17th-century cleric
Abdullah al Samahiji – 18th-century cleric
Yusuf Al Bahrani – 18th-century cleric
Allamah Ibrahim el-Zakzaky – influential Shia cleric in Africa; leader of Islamic Movement in Nigeria
Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani – cleric, head of the Council of Islamic revolution and founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran
Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr – Islamic philosopher, father of contemporary Islamic economics and founder of the Islamic Dawa Party
Allameh Tabatabaei – one of the most prominent Islamic philosophers and, at one point, the foremost source of emulation (Marja) for Shi'a Muslims around the world
Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah – foremost marja of Lebanese Shi'a Muslims
Navvab Safavi – founder of the militant group Fadayan-e Islam
Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani – currently the pre-eminent marja of Shi'a Muslims around the world and arguably the most influential political figure in Iraq today
Ahmad Huseinzadeh – third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
Grand Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim – sole Shi'a marja in the early 1960s
Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei – Shi'a marja
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr – Shi'a marja
Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri – Shi'a marja
Ahmed Al-Waeli – one of the most well-known Shi'a Islamic prominent clerks in the 20th century
Aga Khan IV – imam of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah of Shia Islam
Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi – well-known Twelver Shia scholar who promoted Shia Islam in East Africa
Syed Ali Akhtar Rizvi – well-known Twelver Shī'ah scholar, speaker, author, historian and poet
Allama Talib Jauhari
Mohsin Naqvi – Urdu poet of Pakistan
Famous Shias
Rajab Bursi – Arab Shi'ite theologian and mystic
Sayyid Baraka – spiritual teacher and friend to the 14th-century warlord Timur
Mir Shamsuddin – Iraqi missionary.
Shah Ni'matullah Wali – Islamic scholar and poet
Safi-ad-din Ardabili – eponym of the Safavid dynasty
Abba Yahiyya Ishmaili
Baba Rexheb Albanian Bektashi
Sadiq Kamani - Religious Telecaster on satellite TV channel
Modern and contemporary philosophers
Morteza Motahhari – Iranian cleric, philosopher and politician
Hossein Nasr – Islamic philosopher and professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University
Muhammad Legenhausen – modern Shi'a Muslim philosopher of German American background, PhD at Rice University
Entertainment and media personalities
Asghar Farhadi – Iranian film director and screenwriter
Abdulhussain Abdulredha – Kuwaiti actor and writer
Ali Haider – Pakistani singer; now Islamic singer
Mohammad Reza Sharifinia – Iranian actor
Zainab Bahrani – Iraqi art historian
Shahriar Bahrani – Iranian film director
Abbas Fahdel – Iraqi film director.
Mir Sarwar - Indian film actor.
Mohamed Al-Daradji – Iraqi Dutch film director
Hassan Massoudy – Iraqi calligrapher
Ahmed Al Safi – Iraqi artist
Nedim Kufi – Iraqi artist
Sadequain – Pakistani artist
Usama Alshaibi – Iraqi-American independent filmmaker, visual and media artist
Jagdeep – Syed Jawahar Ali Jaffery, comedy actor in early Indian cinema
Farida Mohammad Ali – Iraqi singer
Naseer Shamma – Iraqi musician and oud player
Imran Abbas Naqvi – Pakistani Actor
Sadegh Tirafkan – Iranian contemporary artist
Khosrow Vaziri – Iranian professional wrestler, retired
Rahat Kazmi – Pakistani actor, professional speaker and academician
Zulfiqar Mirza – Pakistani politician
Zain Imam- Indian Television Actor
Would Molana
Peoples Questions
what importance of azadari?
what importance of muharram?
what importance of muharram 9 and 10?
What is azadari in Islam?
Why do Shias do azadari?
Who is Azadaar?
What is Tazia Muharram?
Who started azadari?
Answers
Who started azadari?
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